Clinical Trial of the Canary System for Proximal Caries Detection: A Comparative Study
Janja Jan
Department of Cariology and Endodontics, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Wan Zaripah Wan Bakar
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Sapna M. Mathews
Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America.
E. Uzamere
School of Dentistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Linda O. Okoye
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria.
Bennett T. Amaechi *
Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Detecting initial caries on the proximal surfaces of teeth in an intact dentition is a problem in dental practice since radiograph has been shown to have poor sensitivity with this stage of caries lesions. Hence there is need for an alternative technology.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the Canary System (CS) to detect proximal caries in a clinical setting, comparing it with bitewing radiography (BWR).
Methodology: 33 subjects, age 18 years and above, were recruited from a mixed population of low, moderate, and high caries risk patients. BWR and the CS were used to detect proximal caries lesions in these subjects. Teeth were separated by 48 hours insertion of rubber rings, and the proximal surfaces were examined by direct visual examination using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS-II) scoring system. The Sensitivity (se), specificity (sp), positive (ppv) and negative predictive (npv) values of the CS and BWR in detecting caries on proximal surfaces were calculated by evaluating each method alone against ICDAS-II system (used as bronze standard). The two methods were compared statistically using their Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve (AUC). The sensitivities and specificities were compared using a test of proportions and AUC values were compared using DeLong’s method of nonparametric testing of AUC values.
Results: The se, sp, ppv and npv for the CS are 0.92, 0.78, 0.89, 0.84 respectively, and for BWR are 0.67, 0.54, 0.78, and 0.40 respectively. The AUC of the Canary System (0.77) was statistically significantly higher than the AUC of the radiography (0.53, P < .001).
Conclusions: This study demonstrated the efficacy of the Canary System in detecting proximal caries lesions to be greater than that of bitewing radiography.
Clinical Significance: The Canary System can be a valuable clinical device for detecting and monitoring proximal caries lesions in clinical practice.
Keywords: Bitewing radiography, canary system, proximal caries, caries diagnostics, caries detection, ICDAS-II system, sensitivity, specificity