Synthesis, Characterization and In vitro Cytotoxicity Assessment of Eggshell-derived β-CaSiO3 Nano Biomaterial
Boniface Tiimob
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee Alabama, 36088, USA
Vitus Apalangya
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee Alabama, 36088, USA.
Tsemesgen Samuel
Departments of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee Alabama, 36088, USA
Shaik Jeelani
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee Alabama, 36088, USA.
Vijaya Rangari *
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee Alabama, 36088, USA
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
This study explored the conversion of bio waste into a valued bioceramic material for potential tissue regeneration application. Calcium silicate (β-CaSiO3) nanomaterial was synthesized from waste egg shells (CaCO3) and silica (SiO2) precursors using noninvasive but sustainable and industrially scalable ball mill and sonochemical techniques. The development of the β-CaSiO3 NPs was monitored with Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscope (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy / energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results revealed the formation of polycrystalline nano-β-CaSiO3 with 100% peak at 2θ° = 30.0 in the (320) crystal planeand sizes less than 50 nm. In vitro cytotoxicity studies on human osteoblast cell line CRL 11372 suggests biocompatibility and non-interference with cell growth at concentrations ranging from 0.0781-1.250 mg/mLof β-CaSiO3.
Keywords: Eggshell, calcite, diffraction, bioceramic, biocompatible, crystallite