Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Balanites aegyptiaca, Securidaca longepedunculata and Acacia gourmaensis Used against Seed-borne Fungi in Burkina Faso
Léon W. Nitiema *
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
Pierre A. E. D. Sombié
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
Moumouni Koala
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante ́(IRSS), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
Antonella Del Fiore
Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via Anguillarese 301 - 00123 Roma, Italy.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: Hydro-ethanolic extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca, Securidaca longepedunculata and Acacia gourmaensis from Burkina Faso were investigated for their phytochemical composition and their antioxidant activities.
Methods: High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was used for phytochemical screening. The total phenolic, total flavonoid and anthocyanin contents of extracts were assessed. The antioxidant potentials of the extracts were also evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-lpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP).
Results: Phenolic compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanins were present in all these plant extracts. Tannins were only found in Acacia gourmaensis extract. Acacia gourmaensis extract exhibited the highest total phenolics ( mg GAE/g), total flavonoids ( mg QE/100 g), total anthocyanins () contents and had the highest antioxidant activity by DPPH ( and FRAP methods). Balanites aegyptiaca and Securidaca longepedunculata showed the lowest phenolic compounds ( mg GAE/g and 76.69±1.84 mg GAE/g respectively); total flavonoids ( mg QE/100 g and mg QE/100 g respectively), anthocyanins (24.49±1.43 µg/g and 24.57±0.52 µg/g respectively) contents and had the lowest antioxidant activity for DPPH method ( and µg AAE/g respectively) and FRAP method ( and µg AAE/g respectively).
Conclusion: Balanites aegyptiaca, Securidaca longepedunculata and Acacia gourmaensis represent natural sources of phenolic antioxidant compounds that can be used as a bio-fungicide.
Keywords: Balanites aegyptiaca, Securidaca longepedunculata, Acacia gourmaensis, phytochemical compounds, antioxidant activity, antifungal activity.