Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology

The environmental impact of greenhouse gases caused by livestock farms plays a fundamental role due to the implications and environmental consequences that livestock practices entail, affecting the stability of the entire ecosystem connected to them, especially as a consequence of the growing demand for products of animal origin.

The aim of this work was to quantify the CH₄ emissions factor in lactating buffaloes by comparing four different types of livestock management: family, conventional, organic and sustainable.

To determine the enteric CH₄ emissions from buffalo, information about animal production and farm management was analyzed, and the CH₄ emission factor was calculated using the IPCC Tier 2 model.

ANOVA was conducted to evaluate significant differences between the farms; Pearson’s correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between parameters.

In a conventional farm, the CH₄ emission factor for buffalo was 27.69 kg CH₄/head/yr compared to 22.77 and 21.61 kg CH₄/head/yr respectively for organic and family-run. These data may also depend on the higher protein and fiber content in the administered unifeed. Furthermore, the ratio of enteric emissions factor of CH₄ / gross energy intake ratio reflected these data (12.04 vs 10.93 vs 10.16 vs 10.65 for conventional, organic, sustainable, and family-run farms, respectively).

Conflicts are an inescapable part of every relationship. Between married people, conflicts are not necessarily destructive since they provide valuable clues that show the growing edges of the relationship and the areas that need to be worked on for making it richer and deeper. Hence, the key to successful marital relationship is not to avoid conflicts but learn how to effectively deal with them. Geographical distance between married partners is likely to influence the relationship dynamics and strategies of conflict resolution. Holding onto this thought, the present study was undertaken to identify the common areas of conflict and strategies to resolve them among Living Apart Together Couples (LATC) and Proximal couples (PC). The sample comprised of a total of 150 heterosexual couples (75 LATC and 75 PC) drawn through snowball sampling technique from Distt. Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. Both, husbands’ and wives’ responses on their areas of conflict and strategies of resolution were recorded using self-structured and standardized tools respectively. Mixed methods of data collection were used in the present study namely mail questionnaire, face to face and telephonic interviews. Findings reveal almost similar patterns and frequency of conflicts in all domains of marriage among LATC and PC. However, LATC and PC slightly differed on their conflict resolution strategies. LATC were seen to adopt separation strategy and PC practiced avoidance strategy significantly more to resolve conflict with their marriage partners. Conflict resolution strategies like compromise, interactional reactivity, domination and submission were seen to be equally prevalent among the two groups under study.

Nilgai has some unique ecological function and they may be beneficial in many ways. Killing of Nilgai is not a long - term solution to overcome human- animal conflict. A study was conducted to know the docility pattern and behavior of Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) in Bihar state, India. Present docility pattern shows that adult females graze with juveniles and dwelling near the human habitation in proximity of in a close distance in anthropogenic environments. It also grazes and share food & fodders with domestic animals like cow, goat, and buffalo in periphery of village areas. Only males possess horns though a few females may be horned as well. Females were less aggressive than males and are of different size and color. Adult males are in blue grey color which reveals sign of territoriality, whereas females color is light in shade which showed evidence of the existence of social hierarchy and increased docility behavior. Females were sitting in group with juveniles in gregarious forms, however, male were found to be scattered. Nilgai migrates in search of food towards cultivated grass, agricultural crops and periphery of the villages areas during dusk and return when less human activity during dawn. Shahabad area Bhojpur, Buxar & Sasaram are characterized by extreme hot and heavy rains. During the unfavorable condition (Rainy and summer season) they: showed seasonal migratory behavior. These behaviors marked in Nilgai may be developing closer social bonds with human being on a way towards domestic relationship. It can be integrated into human society in fevour of co-existence as well as a step towards domestication useful for human in coming future.

In the present study the relationship between profile characteristics of rural youth and the perception towards agriculture were discussed. The results revealed that scientific orientation was positively significant with the perception. Marital status, Land holding, Family type, Extension contact, Social participation, Mass media exposure, Economic motivation, Risk orientation Achievement motivation of rural youth were positively significant with the perception. On the other side, the variables like Annual income, Size of family, Occupation were found to be positively non-significant related with the perception of rural youth, whereas education was found to be negatively non-significant with the perception. The multiple linear regression analysis shows that marital status, land holding, size of family, family type, social participation, mass media exposure, economic motivation and risk orientation significantly contributed their perception towards agriculture as an occupation.

Comfortable foods are chemically processed and made from heavily refined ingredients and artificial additives. These foods are manufactured and distributed in ways that encourage consumption. This study focused on adolescents since they have greater access to comfortable foods, are more free and lesser concerned for their health. Fewer studies have been conducted on adolescents but in present scenario they are more inclined towards unhealthy eating behaviors. Therefore, the present study after careful considerations was attempted to assess the consumption of comfortable foods by urban adolescents in different socio-economic categories. Two hundred subjects in the age group of 16 to 18 years were purposely selected in equal number in the ratio of 1:1 of boys and girls. Findings revealed that majority belonged to high socioeconomic status whereas 52% boys and 44% girls belonged to low socioeconomic status. Respondents from the entire income category mostly consumed comfortable foods because it was either liked by them or they found it good in taste. Consumption of all the comfortable foods was found to be significantly (p≤0.05, p≤0.01) higher in adolescents who had high income and greater access of these food products.  Significant difference was observed in the mean values of consumption of comfortable foods by all the adolescents in different socioeconomic categories.

Aims: The study focused on assessment of the knowledge level of fish farmers on scientific operation of composite fish culture. It specifically examined the profile, socio–economic, psychological, situational characteristics and knowledge level on scientific composite fish farming.

Study Design: Ex-post facto research design was followed.

Place and Duration of the Study: Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rudrur, Nizamabad district, Telangana, India, 2019-20.

Methodology: To assess the knowledge level of fish farmers on composite fish culture in Nizamabad district, 50 fish farmers from fishing communities with prevalence fish farming and artisanal fisheries were randomly selected and interviewed with a pre-test interview schedule. All the farmers were imparted three days specialized training programme on composite fish culture and re-assessed their knowledge after its completion.

Results: The study revealed that majority of the respondents were middle aged (48.00%), lliterates (72.00%), with medium fish farming experience (58.00%)and majority had low level of scientific orientation towards composite fish culture (32.00%). Before training only 18.00 per cent fish farmers belonged to high level of knowledge category while 58.00 per cent (P<0.01) of fish farmers possessed high level of knowledge after training.

Conclusion: It may be concluded from the present study that knowledge level on scientific fish culture is low regarding composite fish culture and training is an effective tool to improve the knowledge and understanding of fish farmers.

Metakaolin based geopolymer mortars are presently considered as a feasible substitute to Ordinary Portland Cement mortar due to its various benefits. The present experimental investigation is planned by varying the concentrations of sodium hydroxide as 8M, 10M and 12M along with the variation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (0, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1% by weight of the binder). For each specimen, the compressive strength was determined at the curing ages of 3, 7 and 28 days. The results clearly indicate that the incorporation of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the geopolymer matrixes enhances the compressive strength. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to depict the microstructure and morphology of MWCNTs. The ultimate compressive strength was obtained by employing 12M concentrated sodium hydroxide solution along with 0.5% of MWCNTs in geopolymer mortar. The values of integral absolute error were computed for all the curing ages. All the values lie within the acceptable range (0 to 10%).

In this paper an attempt has been made to inspect the distribution of the number of adult migrants from household through size biased probability models based on certain assumptions. Size Biased Poisson distribution compounded with various forms of Gamma distribution i.e. Gamma (1,θ) , Gamma (2,θ) and mixture of Gamma (1,θ) and Gamma (2,θ)  has been examined for some real data set of adult migration. The parameters of the proposed model have been estimated by method of maximum likelihood.  test indicates that the distributions proposed here are quite satisfactory to explain the pattern of adult out migration.

The present work was done with the aim to study the effect of rooting mixture and incubation temperature on Ex vitro rooting of Terminalia arjuna, an important multipurpose tree. The nodal explant collected from Ummaid garden Jodhpur was subjected for In vitro shoot proliferation on BAP supplemented modified MS medium. These shoots were In vitro multiplied on BAP (half concentration of BAP used in In vitro shoot proliferation) with low concentration of NAA supplemented medium. The individual shoots from In vitro multiplied shoots were pulse treated with IBA for 10 min. and transferred in different rooting mixture and incubation temperature for Ex vitro rooting. Analysis of data revealed that maximum 62.22% rooting was observed when the plantlet pulse treated with 984.25 µM IBA for 10 min were transferred on bottle containing vermiculite as rooting mixture and incubated at the temperature of 26°C.The optimization of Ex vitro rooting mixture and temperature conditions will be helpful in propagation of this important species rapidly in large scale.

This review will help to exploit the potential uses of longan, an exotic sub- tropical fruit which has high therapeutic values. In this review, traditional value, nutritional composition, bioactive compounds and other uses have been focused. Longan fruits are very tasty and its organoleptic qualities are unique because fruit has a succulent, edible and white aril, which has gained popularity. Longan fruits have immense potential in food and pharmaceutical industries. Longan aril, peel and seed extract have anti-glycated, anti-tyrosinase and anticancer properties, and memory enhancing effects which contribute to healthy human health. In China, the entire area of litchi is shifting to longan, which indicates the importance of longan crop and free from production barriers (poor fruit set, fruit drop, sun burn, fruit cracking, insect and pests) in longan cultivation make it popular among the peoples in India. This review will highlight the uses of longan for different purposes.