##### Reliable Distribution Feeder Reconfiguration Containing Distributed Generation Using Evolutionary Algorithm

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Page 1-8
DOI: 10.9734/CJAST/2017/38162

Aims: One of very important method for saving electrical energy and loss reduction in distribution systems is distributed feeder reconfiguration (DFR). This process is carried out by changing distribution system topology by opening and/or closing of circuit breakers.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Electrical and Electronic Eng, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran, 2015-2016.

Methodology: Status of the circuit breakers is optimally determined to have an improved system operation and reduced power losses.

Results: This paper proposes a multi-objective evolutionary method for distribution feeder reconfiguration. The multi-objectives optimization minimizes power losses and improves reliability of the system. For this purpose, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for solving the problem.

Conclusion: Simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed method for DFR.

##### Production of Agaricus bisporus (JE Lange) Imbach Biomass under Submerged Cultivation by Using Citrus reticulata Blanco Waste as an Alternative Carbon Source

Thomas M. Schmidt, Michele Hoeltz, Ana P. Müller, Jennifer Julich, Yuri G. Kappenberg, Guilherme G. Silva, Angela R. Lazzari, Lisianne B. Benitez, Rosana C. S. Schneider, Valeriano A. Corbellini

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Page 1-11
DOI: 10.9734/CJAST/2017/38197

Aims: To evaluate the influence of different parameters in the biomass production of Agaricus bisporus by submerged cultivation using Citrus reticulata B. waste as an alternative carbon source.

Place and Duration of Study: University of Santa Cruz do Sul.

Methodology: Fruit juice was extracted from the C. reticulata B. waste in a manual juicer. To determine the initial available amount of glucose and fructose in the liquid extract, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis was used. Temperature, pH and fermentation time were selected for the study of response surface methodology in a central composite design. Pectinolytic activity, reducing sugars and total proteins were used for bioprocess monitoring, and visible molecular absorption spectroscopy was used as the monitoring method.

Results: The highest amount of biomass was (47.06 g/L) obtained at 28°C, a pH of 6 and 8 days of culture. The application FT-IR spectroscopy associated with partial least squares regression enabled simultaneous quantification of the parameters of submerged cultivation, with a root mean square error prediction and a coefficient of determination of 0.0012 U/L and 0.9760, 0.23 mmol/L and 0.9956, and 0.03 g/d/L and 0.9957, respectively.

Conclusion: This is the first work that has monitored the biomass production of A. bisporus through FT-IR using the response surface methodology. The data showed that the liquid extract from C. reticulata B. waste is an excellent source of carbon for the mycelial production of A. bisporus and this may be an interesting alternative use of this residue.

##### Validation of the Area1 of Approximate Entropy (a1ApEn) in Empirical Data of Heart Rate

Vivian Machado Cusin Ahmed El-Dash, Ingird Machado Cusin Ahmed El-Dash, José Eduardo Soubhia Natali, Paulo Nogueira Starzynski, José Guilherme Chaui-Berlinck

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Page 1-11
DOI: 10.9734/CJAST/2017/38488

Aims: To validate the use of the non-linear estimator a1ApEn in empirical data.

Study Design: Comparison of heart rate variability/complexity (HRV/C) between rest and low intensity exercise.

Methodology: R-R intervals were obtained from electrocardiogram recordings in 15 healthy volunteers during 30 minutes of rest followed by 30 minutes of treadmill walking (≅ 4 km/h). The R-R series were linearly detrended, checked for stationarity, and windows of 150 non-overlapping intervals were sequentially extracted. HRV/C estimators were obtained: standard deviation (SDNN), root mean square (RMSSD), power of frequency bands (LF, HF and VHF, i.e., above 0.40 Hz) by STFT, normalized power (nu), a1ApEn. Correlations were studied intra-individual between conditions and intra-population. Additionally, in the Fourier Transform data, phases were randomly shuffled, an inverse transform applied (reconstituted rR-R), and RMSSD and a1ApEn were computed. Finally, the scaling profile of a1ApEn between conditions was addressed.

Results: All the HRC/V estimators, except nuLF and nuVHF, showed a decrease in low intensity exercise. For intra-population, all the estimators, except VHF, demonstrated highly significant negative correlations with heart rate. In the reconstituted rR-R series, both RMSSD and a1ApEn increased due to the phase shuffling, while the effect being more intense in a1ApEn. The scaling profile of a1ApEn was compatible with normally distributed random noise in both rest and walk.

Conclusion: As is currently known, HRV/C estimators are intrinsically correlated to heart rate, and a1ApEn follows this rule. Differently from what is usually obtained for plain ApEn, here we show a decrease in complexity values with physical effort. Also, the rR-R analysis indicates that a1ApEn is more sensitive to temporal organization than RMSSD. At the same time, the scaling profile indicates that the complexity of heart rate control keeps the same features from rest to walk. Therefore, we show that a1ApEn is a valid tool in time-series analysis of empirical data.

##### Monte Carlo Simulation in the Assessment of Economic-financial Uncertainties of a Manufacturing Industry

Gislaine Cristina Batistela, Danilo Simoes

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Page 1-7
DOI: 10.9734/CJAST/2017/38466

For accurate decisions in capital investments assessments into industrial projects, it is recommended to consider the uncertainties intrinsic to the capital budget. In this way, our objective was to assess the economic and financial viability of a manufacturing industry, based on the uncertainty of the elements that make up the cash flow of this industry that performs the sawing of Pinus sp. logs, located in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. As a premise, the deterministic discounted cash flow was constructed; therefore, probability distributions were assigned to the input variables of the mathematical model, for the stochastic values of the quantitative methods, traditionally employed in investment analysis, through Monte Carlo simulation. The results showed that the investment project is economically viable; in addition, it presented an economic-financial risk that can be considered low.

##### Integrated Nutrient Management Approach for Increasing Growth, Yield and Economics of Onion (Allium cepa L.)

S. K. Sinha, R. B. Verma, V. K. Singh, V. B. Patel, G. S. Panwar, D. K. Bharati, Amit Kumar, Ravi Kumar

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Page 1-6
DOI: 10.9734/CJAST/2017/37731

An investigation was carried out at Bihar Agricultural College, Sabour, (Bhagalpur) to find out the effect of integrated use of inorganic and organic fertilizers on growth and yield of onion. An application of 25% N of RDF as inorganic + 75% N from poultry manure as organic source showed significant influence on plant height (51.2 cm), number of leaves/ plant (8.56), length of leaves (42.92 cm), number of scales/ bulb (9.13), bulb length (5.75 cm), bulb diameter (5.85 cm), average bulb weight (49.64 gm), bulb volume (60.28 cc), total yield (288.41 q/ha) with highest trend in this treatment, which was found better over the 25% N of RDF as inorganic + 75% N from vermicompost, sole application of poultry manure (100% N of RDF was supplemented through poultry manure) and remaining all treatments.

##### Losses Experienced by Farmers in the Cultivation of Pulses and Oilseeds: A Case Study of Haryana

Anju Duhan

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Page 1-8
DOI: 10.9734/CJAST/2017/38704

Agriculture is nature based activity. Natural environment affect a lot to the productivity of different crops in farming. There are so many risks and uncertainties inherent in agriculture. Some of the risks are related to nature and others are related to market conditions. Most of the times, these risks adversely affect the economic condition of the farmers. The present study has been conducted in Haryana, India with the objective to trace out the different risk factors involved in the main crops of pulses and oilseeds that are grown and most worried by the sample population and also point outs the losses caused by these factors. The study highlights the loss bearing capacity of the respondents and concluded that there was a great difference between the actual experienced losses and loss bearing capacity of the farmers. The study also provides suggestion for improving the financial condition of the farmers, all kinds of risks should be covered under the insurance policies formulated by the government at present or in the future whether they are related to pre-harvesting or post-harvesting.

##### Simulation of Working No-load Induction Machine with Assigned Electrical Parameters in Adapted File MATLAB

Z. Bogićević, S. Bjelić, N. Milenković, B. Jovanović

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Page 1-10
DOI: 10.9734/CJAST/2017/38229

The paper dealing with specific type of no-load induction machine are largely concerned with the conventional design. In each case, however, there is a other way on the presentation working principle and arrangement of the better commonly used modification. The aim of this paper is to develop a new adapted mathematical model and the simulation of asynchronous motor working. As basic resistance values for which a comparison is made of the results of calculation adopted by the resistances of the equivalent circuit of asynchronous motors with the cage and wound rotor, calculated in Catalog Sever Subotica.

Suggested mathematical model can be used in the analysis of machine’s work, as well as for synthesis control, and from the model itself complex algorithms for electrical machines control, vector control and momentum control can be developed.