Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology

Influence of Cement on the Pozzolanic Reactions of Ceramic Waste for the Stabilization of Ferralitic Soil in Road Construction

Coovi Rocambols Thède AGBELELE — 2026-02-11

This study investigates the influence of cement on the pozzolanic activation of pulverized ceramic waste (PCW) for the stabilization of ferralitic “Bar soil” from Tori-Dokanmey, Benin, for use in road construction. The soil, naturally rich in silica and alumina but poor in calcium, was combined with PCW (2.5–15%) and cement (1–3%) to develop 18 stabilized formulations. A comprehensive experimental program was conducted to evaluate the geotechnical and mechanical behavior of the mixtures, including compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength (Rc), flexural tensile strength (Rt), and stiffness parameters (E₅₀, Eₛₜ). Results show that the addition of PCW alone enhances soil density and bearing capacity through gradual pozzolanic reactions forming C–S–H and C–A–H gels, though strength development remains slow at early ages. The incorporation of small amounts of cement significantly accelerates these reactions, producing early strength gains and denser microstructures. Optimal performance was obtained for the mixture containing 15% PCW and 3% cement, with Rc = 6.5 MPa and Rt = 2.8 MPa after 90 days. The simultaneous increase in E₅₀ and Eₛₜ confirms improved stiffness and load-bearing capacity, indicating the suitability of the stabilized material for pavement foundation layers. Overall, the synergistic use of cement and ceramic waste provides a sustainable and efficient approach for upgrading local ferralitic soils while promoting waste valorization in road infrastructure.

Economic and Sustainability Assessment of Compressed Earth Bricks in Construction: Evidence from Burkina Faso

Bernard GOUBA — 2026-02-16

Earth, an abundant and ancient material, has been used in construction for millennia. It allows for the creation of diverse dwellings, ranging from simple houses to monumental buildings. However, despite its numerous advantages, earthen construction, particularly through Compressed Earth Blocks (CEBs), is less common than imported materials. These imported materials often fail to meet the demands of climate change, stability, and durability. In Burkina Faso, this phenomenon is particularly pronounced in Ouagadougou, the capital, where earthen architecture is often associated with the image of poor and low-quality housing. Construction represents a strategic sector for economic development, but it remains heavily dependent on expensive and energy-intensive imported materials. Compressed Earth Blocks (CEBs), made from abundant local materials, appear as a sustainable alternative. This study analyzes the economic challenges related to the use of CEBs in construction in Burkina Faso. Through a comparative cost study, an assessment of its impact on construction and a reflection on sustainability, it appears that CEB is a competitive option, provided it is supported by public policy decisions and better technical standardization.

A Methodological Framework for Designing a National Solar Equipment Waste Management System: The Case of Benin

Alain K. TOSSA — 2026-02-17

The rapid expansion of photovoltaic (PV) systems in developing countries is leading to a growing accumulation of end-of-life solar equipment waste (DES), while dedicated management infrastructures remain largely underdeveloped. This study proposes a generalizable methodological framework that integrates waste flow estimation, special cost-minimization, and financial visibility analysis to support the national-scale design of solar equipment waste management system. The approach combines (i) the estimation of end-of-life quantities of solar panels, batteries, and control equipment based on installed capacities and lifetimes, (ii) a GIS-based special optimization model to determine the optimal number and location of collection centers by minimizing investment and transportation costs, and (iii) a comprehensive financial assessment of the proposed system.

The methodology is applied to the case of Benin, where several zoning configurations are evaluated. Results indicate that an optimal configuration of three collection centers strategically located in Ten-Dora/Sinendé, Dassa-Zoumè, and Tori-Bossito, minimizes total system costs while ensuring nationwide coverage. The financial analysis indicates that, under an appropriate mixed financing scheme combining public subsidies and bank loans, the project is economically viable, with a positive Net Present Value (NPV) of approximatively 304 million CFA, a Profitability Index of 1.68, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 17% and a Discounted Payback Period of about 4.5 years. Overall, the proposal framework provides a robust decision-support tool for policymakers and investors aiming to develop sustainable and economically viable solar waste management systems in developing countries.