Development of Operating Model for the Design of Stirrer Arms of Slurries: A Review
Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology,
Page 39-56
DOI:
10.9734/cjast/2022/v41i1931742
Abstract
An in dept review of the Development of Operating Model for the Design of Stirrer Arms of Slurries is reported. The works of several authors were reviewed. These works covered research on the importance of slurries, application of different slurries in the area of Agriculture and agricultural farming, construction and allied industries, foods and pharmaceutical industries, chemical and paints industries. Also considered were the research works on the design, fabrication and test investigation of performance of different stirrer arms. From the review, three key outcomes from three set of researchers were identified thus: Researcher team 1: the TTP propeller was the most efficient in liquid phase mixing; Researcher team 2: the TEET geometry contributed the best quality of the mixing and significantly reduced the cost of the mixing process; Researcher team 3: the two Z blade stirrer arm was considered as the best in terms of mixing effectiveness. These three outcomes appear as standalone and do not give the user(s) information on comparative advantages for deployment of stirrer arms. Consequent on the above, further theoretical and empirical research will need to be done to evaluate the Order of Merit of these stirrer arms to be called to bar.
Keywords:
- TEET geometry
- planetary mixer
- stirrer arms
- TTP propeller
How to Cite
Okpighe, S. O., Shadrack, M. U., & Nwosu, H. U. (2022). Development of Operating Model for the Design of Stirrer Arms of Slurries: A Review. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 41(19), 39-56. https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2022/v41i1931742
References
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Available:https://doi.org/10.1021/ef700253f
Shit FN and Napier-Munn J. A model for slurry rheology. Internatational Journal of Mineral Processing. 1996;47(1-2):103-123.
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Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/976487.
Chu CP, Ju SP, Lee DJ, Tiller FM, Mohanty KK. and Chang YC. Batch settling of flocculated clay slurry. Industrial Engineering Chemical Research. 2002; 41(5):1227-33.
DOI:10.1021/ie0103411
Nmegbu CGJ, Dagde K and Amua UR. The Effect of temperature on rheological properties of cement slurry. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research. 2019;10(3):1228
ISSN 2229-5518 IJSER ©
http://www.ijser.org.
Wang M, Huang C, Nandakumar K, Minev P, Luo J and Chiovelli S. Computational fluid dynamics modeling and experimental study of erosion in slurry jet flows. International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD Methods of Mining and Mineral Processing. 2009; 23(2):155-72.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/10618560902744412
Raghavan S, Keswani M and Jia R. Particulate science and technology in the engineering of slurries for chemical mechanical planarization. Materials Science and Engineering. 2008; 48(2).
Saeed A. Fluid differential agitators. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering. 2013; 7(6).
Shehu AA, Balami AA, Osunde ZD and Ademoh NA. Design and optimisation of shea butter mixer. Journal of Information Engineering and Applications. 2017;7(10).
ISSN 2224-5782 (print) ISSN 2225-0506 (online). www.iiste.org.
Obermayer D, Damm M and Kappe CO. Design and evaluation of improved magnetic stir bars for single-mode micro. Journal of Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry.2013;11(30):4949 - 56.
DOI: 10.1039/C30B40790J.
Szalai ES, Arratia P and Johnson K. Mixing analysis in a tank stirred with Ekato Intermig Impellers. Journal of Chemical Engineering Science. 2004; 59: 3793-3805.
Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com.
Houcine I, Plasari E and David R. Effects of the stirred tank’s design on power consumption and mixing time in liquid phase. Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology. 2000; 23(7).
Available: https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4125(2000
Chate H, Villermaux E and Chomaz JM. Mixing, chaos and turbulence. Journal of Chemical Engineering Science.2012;52. 1623.
Available:https://books.google.com.ng>Books.
Yao WG, Sato H, Takahashi K and Koyama K. Mixing performance experiments in impeller stirred tanks subjected to unsteady rotational speeds. Journal of Chemical Engineering Science. 1998; 53: 3031 - 40.
Available: https://doi.org.10.1016/s0009-2509(98)00116-x.
Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com
Dieulot TY, Delaplace G, Guerin R, Brienne JP and Leuliet JC. Laminar mixing performance of a stirred tank equipped with helical ribbon agitator subjected to steady and unsteady rotational speed. Journal of Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 2002; 80(4), 335 - 44.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1205/026387602317446371.
Yu CX and Gunasekaran S. Performance evaluation of different model mixers by numerical simulation. Journal of Food Engineering., 2005;71(3).
Available online 23 May 2005.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodeng.2005.02.027.
Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com
Kumaresan T and Joshi JB. Effect of impeller design on the flow pattern and mixing in stirred tanks. Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2006; 115, 173-193.
Jaszczur M, Mlynarczykowska A, Demurta SL. Effects of impeller design on power characteristics and newtonian fluids mixing efficiency in a mechanically mgitated vessel at low reynolds numbers. Journal of Energies. 2020; 13(3).
Available: https://www.mdpi.com/pdf.
Ella B, Sandra J, Nicole R and Trevor VB. Food mixing in the industrial processes; 2011.
Available: www.mixing.net. Scholar.google.com
MacInnis C and Kosteniuk PW. Effectiveness of re-vibration and high-speed slurry mixing for producing high-strength concrete. 1979; 76(12):1255-1265.
Available:concrete.org/publications/international concrete abstracts portal/m/details/id/10476.
Routray A, Das D, Parhi PP and Padhy MK. Characterization , stabilization, and study of mechanism of coal-water slurry using sapindous mukorossi as an additive in energy sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects. 2018; 40(20), 2502 – 9.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/155670362018. 150375
Gaikwad GR and Shinde SM. Design development and application of 3-dimensional schatz geometry kinematic linkage for uni-directional motion mixer machine. Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE). 2018;15 – 24.
e-ISSN: 2278 - 1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X 1st National Conference On Recent Innovations in Mechanical Engineering (NCRIME-2018 15 | Page www.iosrjournals.org.
Shipa S, Sumeyra A., Yousof M, Er-Qiang L, Sigurdur TT and Khaled NS. A ’Twisted’’ microfluidic mixer suitable for a wide range of flow rate application. Journal of Biomicrofluidics. 2016; 10. 034120.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4954812.
Aubin J and Xuereb C. Design of multiple impeller stirred tanks for the mixing of highly viscous fluids using CFD. Journal of Chemical Engineering Science. 2006;61(9):2913-2920.
Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com.
Torotwa I. A Study of the mixing performance of different impeller design in stirred vessels using computationsl fluid dynamics. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology. 2018. E-ISSN:2277-4106. P-ISSN:2347-5166.
Available:https://impresso.com/category/ijcet.
Bresler L, Shinbrot T, Metcalfe G and Ottino JM. Isolated mixing regions: origin, robustness and control. Journal of Chemical Engineering Science. 1997; 52: 1623-1636.
Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com.
Takahashi K and Motoda M. Chaotic mixing created by object inserted in a vessel agitated by an impeller. Journal of Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 2009; 87: 386-390.
Available:https://doi.org/10.196/j.cherd.2009.01.003
Mitkowski PT. Chaotic mixing created by object inserted in a vessel agitated by an impeller; 2018.
Available:https://books.google.com>ng>books.
Takahashi K, Takeno Y. and Takahata Y. Comparison of mixing performances among several spatial chaotic mixing methods. Journal of Chemical Engineering, Japan. 2015; 48(7): 518- 522.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1252/jcet.14we208
Xavuz N and Sandeep KP. Investigation of impeller modification and eccentricity for non-Newtonian fluid mxing in stirred vessels. Journal of Chemical Engineering Communications. 2018; 206(3). 318-332. Available online: 10 September 2018.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2018.1488690
Bunkluarb N, Sawangtong W and Khajohsaksumeth N. Numerical simulation of grannular mixing in static mixers with different geometries.2019;238.
Available: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13682-019-2174-5.
Kamla Y, Bouzit M, Ameur H, Arab ML and Hadjeb A. Effect of the inclination of baffles on the power consumption and fluid flows in a vessel stirred by a Rushton turbine. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2017; 30(4):1008-1016
Devals C, Heniche M, Takenaka K. and Tanguy PA. CFD Analysis of several design parameters affecting the performance of the Maxblend impeller. Journal of Computer and Chemical Engineering. 2008; 32(8): 1831- 1841.
Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2007.09.007. Available online 10
Ameur H, Bouzit M and Helmaoui M. Hydrodynamic study involving a Maxblend impeller with yield stress fluids. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology. 2012; 26: 1523-1530.
Available: Link.springer.com/article.
Patwardhan AW and Joshi JB. Relation between flow pattern and blending in stirred tanks. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Chemical Research. 1999; 38:3131-3143.
ISSN: 0888-5885
Available:https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie980772s
Fathonah NN, Susanti A, Nurtono T, Winardi S, Machmudah S, Kusdianto W. Modeling turbulent flow in a cylindrical tank agitated by side entering 450 inclined blade turbine using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). AIP Conference Proceedings 1840, 100010. 2017; 1840(1).
Available:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4982 327.
Rivera C, Foucault S, Heniche M, Espinola –Solares T and Tanguy PA. Mixing analysis in a coaxial mixer. Journal of Chemical Engineering Science. 2006; 61(9): 2895-2907.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2005.11.045
Pakzad L, Ein-Mozaffari F, Upreti SR and Lohi A Experimental and numerical studies on mixing of yield pseudoplastic fluids with a coaxial mixer. Journal of Chemical Engineering Communications. 2013; 200(12): 1553 -1577.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2012.751380.
Zhang J, Li X and He R. Study on double shaft mixing paddle undergoing planetary motion in the laminar flow mixing system. Journal of Advances in Mechanical Engineering. 2015; 7: 1-12.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814015592603
Liang J, He R, Zhan X, Li X and Shi T. Numerical analysis in the effects of blade’s arrangement on the torque load characteristics of the three-blade planetary mixer. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2017;1864. 020088.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.49929005
Briggs TA. and Shedrack MU. Computer simulation of optimization models for the determination of optimal power requirements for liquid-solute mixer during mixing action. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology and Science (ASRJETS). 2019;59(1): 203 – 214.
ISSN (Print) 2313-4410. ISSN (Online) 2313 - 4402.
Krishnan PK, Arunachalam R, Husain A, Al-Maharbi M. Studies on the Influence of stirrer blade design on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a novel Aluminum metal matrix composite. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering. 2020;143(2):1–25.
Available: https:// Doi:10.1115/1.4048266.
Available:https://ftp.feq.ufu.br/Luis_Claudio/BOOKS/EBOOKS/FOOD/FOOD_PROCESS.
Paulsworth C. Choosing a mixer for Low-shear batch mixing in powder bulk engineering.2017.
Available:http://www.hosokawa-micron-bv.com/news-and-events/publications/choosing-a-mixer-for-low-shear-batch-mixing.html.
Zhan S, Liu D, Deng W and Que G. A Review of slurry-phase hydrocracking heavy oil technology. Energy Fuels. 2007;21(6):3057-62. American Chemical Society.
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00652-07.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1021/ef700253f
Shit FN and Napier-Munn J. A model for slurry rheology. Internatational Journal of Mineral Processing. 1996;47(1-2):103-123.
Gao S and Li B. Study on slurry noise of electromagnetic flow meter based on ARMA power spectrum estimation in mathematical problems in engineering. 2015;(1):1-7, Article ID 976487, 7 Pages. School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072. China. Academic Editor: Marco Mussetta.
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/976487.
Chu CP, Ju SP, Lee DJ, Tiller FM, Mohanty KK. and Chang YC. Batch settling of flocculated clay slurry. Industrial Engineering Chemical Research. 2002; 41(5):1227-33.
DOI:10.1021/ie0103411
Nmegbu CGJ, Dagde K and Amua UR. The Effect of temperature on rheological properties of cement slurry. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research. 2019;10(3):1228
ISSN 2229-5518 IJSER ©
http://www.ijser.org.
Wang M, Huang C, Nandakumar K, Minev P, Luo J and Chiovelli S. Computational fluid dynamics modeling and experimental study of erosion in slurry jet flows. International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD Methods of Mining and Mineral Processing. 2009; 23(2):155-72.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/10618560902744412
Raghavan S, Keswani M and Jia R. Particulate science and technology in the engineering of slurries for chemical mechanical planarization. Materials Science and Engineering. 2008; 48(2).
Saeed A. Fluid differential agitators. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering. 2013; 7(6).
Shehu AA, Balami AA, Osunde ZD and Ademoh NA. Design and optimisation of shea butter mixer. Journal of Information Engineering and Applications. 2017;7(10).
ISSN 2224-5782 (print) ISSN 2225-0506 (online). www.iiste.org.
Obermayer D, Damm M and Kappe CO. Design and evaluation of improved magnetic stir bars for single-mode micro. Journal of Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry.2013;11(30):4949 - 56.
DOI: 10.1039/C30B40790J.
Szalai ES, Arratia P and Johnson K. Mixing analysis in a tank stirred with Ekato Intermig Impellers. Journal of Chemical Engineering Science. 2004; 59: 3793-3805.
Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com.
Houcine I, Plasari E and David R. Effects of the stirred tank’s design on power consumption and mixing time in liquid phase. Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology. 2000; 23(7).
Available: https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4125(2000
Chate H, Villermaux E and Chomaz JM. Mixing, chaos and turbulence. Journal of Chemical Engineering Science.2012;52. 1623.
Available:https://books.google.com.ng>Books.
Yao WG, Sato H, Takahashi K and Koyama K. Mixing performance experiments in impeller stirred tanks subjected to unsteady rotational speeds. Journal of Chemical Engineering Science. 1998; 53: 3031 - 40.
Available: https://doi.org.10.1016/s0009-2509(98)00116-x.
Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com
Dieulot TY, Delaplace G, Guerin R, Brienne JP and Leuliet JC. Laminar mixing performance of a stirred tank equipped with helical ribbon agitator subjected to steady and unsteady rotational speed. Journal of Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 2002; 80(4), 335 - 44.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1205/026387602317446371.
Yu CX and Gunasekaran S. Performance evaluation of different model mixers by numerical simulation. Journal of Food Engineering., 2005;71(3).
Available online 23 May 2005.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodeng.2005.02.027.
Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com
Kumaresan T and Joshi JB. Effect of impeller design on the flow pattern and mixing in stirred tanks. Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2006; 115, 173-193.
Jaszczur M, Mlynarczykowska A, Demurta SL. Effects of impeller design on power characteristics and newtonian fluids mixing efficiency in a mechanically mgitated vessel at low reynolds numbers. Journal of Energies. 2020; 13(3).
Available: https://www.mdpi.com/pdf.
Ella B, Sandra J, Nicole R and Trevor VB. Food mixing in the industrial processes; 2011.
Available: www.mixing.net. Scholar.google.com
MacInnis C and Kosteniuk PW. Effectiveness of re-vibration and high-speed slurry mixing for producing high-strength concrete. 1979; 76(12):1255-1265.
Available:concrete.org/publications/international concrete abstracts portal/m/details/id/10476.
Routray A, Das D, Parhi PP and Padhy MK. Characterization , stabilization, and study of mechanism of coal-water slurry using sapindous mukorossi as an additive in energy sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects. 2018; 40(20), 2502 – 9.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/155670362018. 150375
Gaikwad GR and Shinde SM. Design development and application of 3-dimensional schatz geometry kinematic linkage for uni-directional motion mixer machine. Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE). 2018;15 – 24.
e-ISSN: 2278 - 1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X 1st National Conference On Recent Innovations in Mechanical Engineering (NCRIME-2018 15 | Page www.iosrjournals.org.
Shipa S, Sumeyra A., Yousof M, Er-Qiang L, Sigurdur TT and Khaled NS. A ’Twisted’’ microfluidic mixer suitable for a wide range of flow rate application. Journal of Biomicrofluidics. 2016; 10. 034120.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4954812.
Aubin J and Xuereb C. Design of multiple impeller stirred tanks for the mixing of highly viscous fluids using CFD. Journal of Chemical Engineering Science. 2006;61(9):2913-2920.
Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com.
Torotwa I. A Study of the mixing performance of different impeller design in stirred vessels using computationsl fluid dynamics. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology. 2018. E-ISSN:2277-4106. P-ISSN:2347-5166.
Available:https://impresso.com/category/ijcet.
Bresler L, Shinbrot T, Metcalfe G and Ottino JM. Isolated mixing regions: origin, robustness and control. Journal of Chemical Engineering Science. 1997; 52: 1623-1636.
Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com.
Takahashi K and Motoda M. Chaotic mixing created by object inserted in a vessel agitated by an impeller. Journal of Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 2009; 87: 386-390.
Available:https://doi.org/10.196/j.cherd.2009.01.003
Mitkowski PT. Chaotic mixing created by object inserted in a vessel agitated by an impeller; 2018.
Available:https://books.google.com>ng>books.
Takahashi K, Takeno Y. and Takahata Y. Comparison of mixing performances among several spatial chaotic mixing methods. Journal of Chemical Engineering, Japan. 2015; 48(7): 518- 522.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1252/jcet.14we208
Xavuz N and Sandeep KP. Investigation of impeller modification and eccentricity for non-Newtonian fluid mxing in stirred vessels. Journal of Chemical Engineering Communications. 2018; 206(3). 318-332. Available online: 10 September 2018.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2018.1488690
Bunkluarb N, Sawangtong W and Khajohsaksumeth N. Numerical simulation of grannular mixing in static mixers with different geometries.2019;238.
Available: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13682-019-2174-5.
Kamla Y, Bouzit M, Ameur H, Arab ML and Hadjeb A. Effect of the inclination of baffles on the power consumption and fluid flows in a vessel stirred by a Rushton turbine. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2017; 30(4):1008-1016
Devals C, Heniche M, Takenaka K. and Tanguy PA. CFD Analysis of several design parameters affecting the performance of the Maxblend impeller. Journal of Computer and Chemical Engineering. 2008; 32(8): 1831- 1841.
Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2007.09.007. Available online 10
Ameur H, Bouzit M and Helmaoui M. Hydrodynamic study involving a Maxblend impeller with yield stress fluids. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology. 2012; 26: 1523-1530.
Available: Link.springer.com/article.
Patwardhan AW and Joshi JB. Relation between flow pattern and blending in stirred tanks. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Chemical Research. 1999; 38:3131-3143.
ISSN: 0888-5885
Available:https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie980772s
Fathonah NN, Susanti A, Nurtono T, Winardi S, Machmudah S, Kusdianto W. Modeling turbulent flow in a cylindrical tank agitated by side entering 450 inclined blade turbine using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). AIP Conference Proceedings 1840, 100010. 2017; 1840(1).
Available:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4982 327.
Rivera C, Foucault S, Heniche M, Espinola –Solares T and Tanguy PA. Mixing analysis in a coaxial mixer. Journal of Chemical Engineering Science. 2006; 61(9): 2895-2907.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2005.11.045
Pakzad L, Ein-Mozaffari F, Upreti SR and Lohi A Experimental and numerical studies on mixing of yield pseudoplastic fluids with a coaxial mixer. Journal of Chemical Engineering Communications. 2013; 200(12): 1553 -1577.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2012.751380.
Zhang J, Li X and He R. Study on double shaft mixing paddle undergoing planetary motion in the laminar flow mixing system. Journal of Advances in Mechanical Engineering. 2015; 7: 1-12.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814015592603
Liang J, He R, Zhan X, Li X and Shi T. Numerical analysis in the effects of blade’s arrangement on the torque load characteristics of the three-blade planetary mixer. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2017;1864. 020088.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.49929005
Briggs TA. and Shedrack MU. Computer simulation of optimization models for the determination of optimal power requirements for liquid-solute mixer during mixing action. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology and Science (ASRJETS). 2019;59(1): 203 – 214.
ISSN (Print) 2313-4410. ISSN (Online) 2313 - 4402.
Krishnan PK, Arunachalam R, Husain A, Al-Maharbi M. Studies on the Influence of stirrer blade design on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a novel Aluminum metal matrix composite. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering. 2020;143(2):1–25.
Available: https:// Doi:10.1115/1.4048266.
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