Extraction of Cellulose Nanocrystals (NCC) from Cotton Waste and Morphology of NCC Obtained with Different Alkali Neutralization
Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology,
Page 1-8
DOI:
10.9734/cjast/2019/v36i530254
Abstract
The extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (NCC) from cotton textile waste, constituted by 70% long fibers and 30% cotton linter, was performed through the action of sulfuric acid followed by solution neutralization with two different alkalis, namely ammonia and sodium bicarbonate, which yielded microcellulose (MCC), then centrifuged to NCC. The action of the two alkalis was compared as for fiber repeatability and morphology, and the results obtained using ammonia were considered more suitable for possible introduction of NCC for the repair of historical paper artifacts. This evidence was obtained by applying optical/polarized light microscopy observation and dynamic light scattering (DLS) results.
Keywords:
- Cotton waste
- nanocellulose extraction
- alkali neutralization
- Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)
How to Cite
Scognamiglio, F., Santulli, C., & Roselli, G. (2019). Extraction of Cellulose Nanocrystals (NCC) from Cotton Waste and Morphology of NCC Obtained with Different Alkali Neutralization. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 36(5), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2019/v36i530254
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Bondeson D, Mathew A, Oksman K. Optimization of the isolation of nanocrystals from microcrystalline cellulose by acid hydrolysis, Cellulose 2006;13:171.
Lani NS, Ngadi N, Johari A, Jusoh M. Isolation, characterization and application of nanocellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber as nanocomposites. J Nanomater. 2014;13.
Cherian BM, Leão AL, Ferreira de Souza S, Thomas S, Pothan LA, Kottaisamy M. Isolation of nanocellulose from pineapple leaf fibres by steam explosion, Carbohydr Polym. 2010;81(3):720-725.
Fortunati E, Puglia D, Monti M, Santulli C, Kenny JM. Extraction of cellulose nanocrystals from Phormium tenax fibres, J Polym Envir. 2013;21(2):319-328.
Luzi F, Fortunati E, Puglia D, Lavorgna M, Santulli C, Kenny JM, Torre L, Optimized extraction of cellulose nanocrystals from pristine and carded hemp fibres, Ind Crops Prod. 2014;56:175–186.
Fortunati E, Puglia D, Monti M, Santulli C, Maniruzzaman M, Kenny JM. Cellulose nanocrystals extracted from okra fibres in PVA nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2013;128(5):3220–3230.
Coelho de Carvalho Benini KC, Cornelis Voorwald HJ, Hilário Cioffi MO, Milanese AC, Ornaghi Jr. HL, Characterization of a new lignocellulosic fiber from Brazil: Imperata brasiliensis (Brazilian Satintail) as an Alternative Source for Nanocellulose Extraction, J Natural Fib. 2017;14(1):112-125.
Mariño M, Lopes da Silva L, Durán N, Tasic L, Enhanced Materials from Nature: Nanocellulose from citrus waste. Molecules. 2015;20(4):5908-5923.
Szlapak Franco T, Potulski DC, Viana LC, Forville E, de Andrade AS, Bolzónde Muniza GI, Nanocellulose obtained from residues of peach palm extraction (Bactris gasipaes), Carbohydr Polym. 2019;218:8-19.
Fortunati E, Luzi F, Puglia D, Terenzi A, Vercellino M, Visai L, Santulli C, Torre L, Kenny JM. Ternary PVA nanocomposites containing cellulose nanocrystals from different sources and silver particles: Part II, Carbohydr Polym. 2013;97(2):837–848.
de Morais Teixeira E, Corrêa AC, Manzoli A, de Lima Leite F, Ribeiro de Oliveira C, Capparelli Mattoso LH. Cellulose nanofibers from white and naturally colored cotton fibers, Cellulose. 2010;17(3):595–606.
Saraiva Morais JP, Morsyleide de Freitas R, Moreira de Souza Filho M, Dias Nascimento L, Magalhães do Nascimento D, Ribeiro Cassales A. Extraction and characterization of nanocellulose structures from raw cotton linter, Carbohydr Polym. 2013;91(1):229-35.
Pecora R. Dynamic light scattering measurement of nanometer particles in liquids. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 2000;2(2):123–131.
Lee SY, Jagan Mohan D, Kang IA, Doh GH, Lee S, Ok Han S. Nanocellulose reinforced PVA composite films: Effects of acid treatment and filler loading. Fibr and Polym. 2009;10(1):77–82.
Haapala A, Laitinen O, Karinkanta P, Liimatainen H, Niinimaki J, Optical characterisation of size, shape and fibrillarity from microfibrillar and microcrystalline cellulose and fine ground wood powder fractions, Appita Technology, Innovation, Manufacturing, Environment. 2013;66(4): 331-339.
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